Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes a group of physical symptoms and mood changes that happen during the luteal phase of a person’s menstrual cycle. Symptoms start 1-2 weeks before the menstrual period begins, and resolve when the period begins. Mild PMS affects 95% of people with uteruses. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the severe form of PMS that affects 5% of people with uteruses. If symptoms are severe enough, they can affect the person’s daily living and impact their ability to go to school, to work, or to maintain relationships. This condition is usually chronic but there is treatment. The cause of PMS/PMDD is not known but it is believed to be related to hormonal fluctuations.

While there is no test for PMS/PMDD, a person is considered to have PMS/PMDD if they have both physical symptoms and psychological symptoms, and those symptoms resolve at the start of menses.

Common physical symptoms are: bloating, breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, and headaches

Common psychological symptoms are: feeling tired, worried, overwhelmed, angry, sad, out of control, depressed, irritable or hopeless. As well as mood swings, crying, difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, and eating more or craving certain foods.

Some treatments for PMS/PMDD include gentle exercise which can help reduce tension in the body and mind, and relaxation techniques as PMS/PMDD is often made worse by stress. Talking with a therapist can also be helpful for learning how to cope with these symptoms, and learning important stress reduction techniques. 

Medications that are commonly used are pain medicines like ibuprofen, birth control pills which can help avoid having a period altogether, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like prozac and zoloft that can help with mood symptoms. Studies show that SSRIs can reduce the symptoms of PMDD significantly compared to placebo.

If you are experiencing these symptoms, talk with your healthcare provider about your options for treatment. If you are experiencing depression and are worried about your ability to keep yourself safe, call or text 988 anytime to receive confidential support. Your health and happiness are worth it.